Ku ya 2 Nyakanga 2021, Amabwiriza yerekeranye no gukoresha plastike imwe yatangira gukurikizwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU).Amabwiriza abuza ibintu bimwe-bimwe bya plastiki kubishobora kuboneka."Igicuruzwa kimwe gikoreshwa gusa" gisobanurwa nkigicuruzwa gikozwe cyose cyangwa igice kiva muri plastiki kandi kidatekerejwe, cyashizweho, cyangwa gishyirwa kumasoko kugirango gikoreshwe inshuro nyinshi kubwintego imwe.Komisiyo y’Uburayi yashyize ahagaragara umurongo ngenderwaho, harimo ingero, zigomba gufatwa nkigicuruzwa kimwe cya plastiki.(Ubuhanzi buyobora. 12.)
Kubindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe gusa, ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba kugabanya imikoreshereze yabyo binyuze mu ngamba z’igihugu zigabanya ibicuruzwa, intego yihariye yo gutunganya amacupa ya pulasitike, ibisabwa kugira ngo icupa rya pulasitike, hamwe n’ibirango by’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike kugira ngo bimenyeshe abaguzi.Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza yongerera inshingano abayikora, bivuze ko abayakora bagomba kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gutunganya imyanda, gukusanya amakuru, no kumenyekanisha ibicuruzwa bimwe.Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba bitarenze ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2021, usibye ibisabwa-bishushanya ibicuruzwa ku macupa, bizatangira ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2024. (Art. 17.)
Aya mabwiriza ashyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi agamije “guteza imbere Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.”(Art. 1.)
Ibiri mu Mabwiriza kuri Koresha-Gukoresha Plastike
Kubuza isoko
Amabwiriza abuza gukora plastike imwe rukumbi iboneka kumasoko yuburayi:
❋ Ibiti by'ipamba
❋ ibikoresho (ibyuma, ibyuma, ibiyiko, amacupa)
Amasahani
❋ ibyatsi
Stir ibinyobwa bisindisha
Inkoni zifatanije no gushyigikira imipira
Contain Ibikoresho byokurya bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse
Ibikoresho by'ibinyobwa bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse, harimo ingofero zabo
❋ ibikombe byibinyobwa bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse, harimo ibifuniko byabo
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri plastiki ya oxo-yangirika.(Art. 5 ifatanije n'umugereka, igice B.)
Ingamba zo kugabanya imikoreshereze yigihugu
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya plastiki imwe rukumbi idafite ubundi buryo.Ibihugu bigize uyu muryango birasabwa gutanga ibisobanuro by’ingamba muri komisiyo y’Uburayi kandi bikaboneka ku mugaragaro.Izi ngamba zishobora kuba zirimo gushyiraho intego zo kugabanya igihugu, gutanga ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa mugihe cyo kugurisha kubaguzi, cyangwa kwishyuza amafaranga kubicuruzwa bya pulasitike imwe.Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba kugera ku “igabanuka rikomeye kandi rirambye” mu ikoreshwa ry’ibi bikoresho bya pulasitike imwe rukumbi “biganisha ku ihinduka rikomeye ry’ibicuruzwa byiyongera” mu 2026. Iterambere ry’imikoreshereze n’igabanuka rigomba gukurikiranwa no kumenyeshwa Komisiyo y’Uburayi.(Art. 4.)
Gutandukanya Intego zo Gukusanya hamwe nibisabwa Ibicupa bya plastiki
Kugeza 2025, 77% by'amacupa ya plastike ashyirwa kumasoko agomba gutunganywa.Kugeza 2029, amafaranga angana na 90% agomba gukoreshwa.Byongeye kandi, ibyangombwa bisabwa kumacupa ya pulasitike bizashyirwa mubikorwa: bitarenze 2025, amacupa ya PET agomba kuba arimo byibuze 25% bya plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa mubyo bakora.Uyu mubare uzamuka kugera kuri 30% muri 2030 kumacupa yose.(Art. 6, igika cya 5; ingingo ya 9.)
Ikirango
Igitambaro cy'isuku (padi), tampon hamwe nabasabye tampon, guhanagura neza, ibicuruzwa byitabi hamwe nayunguruzo, hamwe nibikombe byo kunywa bigomba kuba bifite ikirango "kigaragara, cyumvikana kandi kidasibangana" kumupaki cyangwa kubicuruzwa ubwabyo.Ikirango kigomba kumenyesha abakiriya uburyo bukwiye bwo gucunga imyanda kubicuruzwa cyangwa guta imyanda uburyo bwo kwirinda, kimwe no kuba hari plastike mubicuruzwa n'ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'imyanda.(Art. 7, igika cya 1 ifatanije n'umugereka, igice D.)
Inshingano yagutse ya Producer
Abakora ibicuruzwa bagomba kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gukangurira abantu kumenya, gukusanya imyanda, gusukura imyanda, no gukusanya amakuru no gutanga raporo ku bicuruzwa bikurikira:
Contain Ibikoresho
❋ paki nipfunyika bikozwe mubintu byoroshye
Ibinyobwa byibinyobwa bifite ubushobozi bwa litiro 3
❋ ibikombe byibinyobwa, harimo ibifuniko byabo
Bags imifuka itwara plastike yoroheje
Products ibicuruzwa byitabi hamwe nayunguruzo
Ip guhanagura
❋ imipira (Art. 8, ibika 2, 3 ifatanije numugereka, igice E.)
Ariko, ntamafaranga yo gukusanya imyanda agomba gutangwa kubijyanye no guhanagura hamwe na ballon.
Kumenyekanisha
Aya mabwiriza asaba ko ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bishishikariza imyitwarire y’abaguzi kandi bikamenyesha abaguzi ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa, kimwe n’ingaruka ziterwa n’imyanda ndetse n’indi myanda idakwiye ku bidukikije no ku miyoboro y’imyanda.(Art. 10.)
Inkomoko URL:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-umitori/2021-07-18
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-21-2021