Ku ya 2 Nyakanga 2021, Amabwiriza yerekeranye no gukoresha plastike imwe-imwe yatangiye gukurikizwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). Amabwiriza abuza plastike imwe imwe yo gukoresha ubundi buryo buboneka. "Igicuruzwa kimwe gikoreshwa gusa" gisobanurwa nkigicuruzwa gikozwe cyose cyangwa igice kiva muri plastiki kandi kidatekerejwe, cyashizweho, cyangwa gishyirwa kumasoko kugirango gikoreshwe inshuro nyinshi kubwintego imwe. Komisiyo y’Uburayi yashyize ahagaragara umurongo ngenderwaho, harimo ingero, zigomba gufatwa nkigicuruzwa kimwe cya pulasitike. (Ubuhanzi buyobora. 12.)
Kubindi bikoresho bya pulasitike imwe rukumbi, ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba kugabanya imikoreshereze yabyo binyuze mu ngamba z’igihugu zigabanya kugabanya ibicuruzwa, intego yihariye yo gutunganya amacupa ya pulasitike, ibisabwa mu icupa rya pulasitike, hamwe n’ibirango by’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike kugira ngo bimenyeshe abaguzi. Byongeye kandi, amabwiriza yongerera inshingano abayikora, bivuze ko abayikora bagomba kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gusukura imyanda, gukusanya amakuru, no gukangurira ibicuruzwa bimwe. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba bitarenze ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2021, usibye ibisabwa-bishushanya ibicuruzwa ku macupa, bizatangira ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2024. (Ingingo ya 17.)
Aya mabwiriza ashyira mu bikorwa ingamba z’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi agamije “guteza imbere Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.” (Art. 1.)
Ibiri mu Mabwiriza kuri Koresha-Koresha Plastike
Kubuza isoko
Amabwiriza abuza gukora plastike imwe rukumbi ikoreshwa ku isoko ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi:
❋ Ibiti by'ipamba
❋ ibikoresho (ibyuma, ibyuma, ibiyiko, amacupa)
Amasahani
❋ ibyatsi
Verage ibinyobwa bisindisha
Inkoni zo kwizirika no gushyigikira imipira
Contain Ibikoresho byokurya bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse
Ibikoresho by'ibinyobwa bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse, harimo ingofero zabo
❋ ibikombe byibinyobwa bikozwe muri polystirene yagutse, harimo ibifuniko byabo
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri plastiki yangirika. (Art. 5 ifatanije n'umugereka, igice B.)
Ingamba zo kugabanya imikoreshereze y’igihugu
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya plastiki imwe imwe ikoreshwa nta kundi byagenda. Ibihugu bigize uyu muryango birasabwa gutanga ibisobanuro by’ingamba muri Komisiyo y’Uburayi kandi bikaboneka ku mugaragaro. Izi ngamba zishobora kuba zirimo gushyiraho intego zo kugabanya igihugu, gutanga ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa mugihe cyo kugurisha kubakoresha, cyangwa kwishyuza amafaranga kubicuruzwa bya pulasitike bikoreshwa rimwe. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bigomba kugera ku “igabanuka rikomeye kandi rirambye” mu ikoreshwa ry’ibi bikoresho bya plastiki imwe rukumbi “biganisha ku ihinduka rikomeye ry’ibicuruzwa byiyongera” mu 2026.Iterambere ry’imikoreshereze n’igabanuka rigomba gukurikiranwa no kumenyeshwa Komisiyo y’Uburayi. (Art. 4.)
Gutandukanya Intego zo Gukusanya hamwe nibisabwa Ibicupa bya plastiki
Kugeza 2025, 77% by'amacupa ya pulasitike ashyirwa ku isoko agomba gutunganywa. Kugeza 2029, amafaranga ahwanye na 90% agomba gutunganywa. Byongeye kandi, ibyangombwa bisabwa kumacupa ya pulasitike bizashyirwa mubikorwa: bitarenze 2025, amacupa ya PET agomba kuba arimo byibuze 25% bya plastiki yatunganijwe mu bicuruzwa byabo. Uyu mubare uzamuka kugera kuri 30% muri 2030 kumacupa yose. (Art. 6, igika cya 5; ingingo ya 9.)
Ikirango
Isuku yisuku (padi), tampon hamwe nabasabye tampon, guhanagura neza, ibicuruzwa byitabi hamwe nayunguruzo, hamwe nibikombe byo kunywa bigomba kuba bifite ikirango "kigaragara, cyumvikana neza kandi kidasibangana" kumupaki cyangwa kubicuruzwa ubwabyo. Ikirango kigomba kumenyesha abakiriya uburyo bukwiye bwo gucunga imyanda kubicuruzwa cyangwa guta imyanda uburyo bwo kwirinda, kimwe no kuba hari plastiki mubicuruzwa n'ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'imyanda. (Art. 7, igika cya 1 ifatanije n'umugereka, igice D.)
Inshingano zagutse za Producer
Abakora ibicuruzwa bagomba kwishyura ikiguzi cyingamba zo gukangurira abantu, gukusanya imyanda, gusukura imyanda, no gukusanya amakuru no gutanga raporo kubyerekeye ibicuruzwa bikurikira:
Contain Ibikoresho
Amapaki n'ibipfunyika bikozwe mubintu byoroshye
Ibinyobwa byibinyobwa bifite ubushobozi bwa litiro 3
Ibikombe byibinyobwa, harimo ibifuniko byabo
Bags imifuka itwara plastike yoroheje
Products ibicuruzwa byitabi hamwe nayunguruzo
Ip guhanagura
O imipira (Art. 8, ibika 2, 3 ifatanije numugereka, igice E.)
Ariko, ntamafaranga yo gukusanya imyanda agomba gutangwa kubijyanye no guhanagura no guhanagura.
Gukangurira
Aya mabwiriza arasaba ko ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bishishikariza imyitwarire y’abaguzi kandi bikamenyesha abaguzi ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa, kimwe n’ingaruka ziterwa n’imyanda ndetse n’indi myanda idakwiye ku bidukikije ndetse n’umuyoboro w’imyanda. (Art. 10.)
Inkomoko URL:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor / 2021-07-18
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-21-2021