Ku ya 2 Nyakanga 2021, Amabwiriza yerekeye iplasitiki zikoreshwa rimwe yatangiye gukurikizwa mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU). Ayo mabwiriza abuza iplasitiki zimwe na zimwe zikoreshwa rimwe zishobora guhindurwamo izindi. "Igicuruzwa cya plasitiki gikoreshwa rimwe" gisobanurwa nk'igicuruzwa cyakozwe muri plasitiki yose cyangwa igice cyayo kandi kitatekerejweho, kitagenewe, cyangwa ngo gishyirwe ku isoko kugira ngo gikoreshwe inshuro nyinshi ku ntego imwe. Komisiyo y’Uburayi yasohoye amabwiriza, harimo n'ingero, z'ibigomba gufatwa nk'igicuruzwa cya plasitiki gikoreshwa rimwe. (Amabwiriza 12.)
Ku bindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe, ibihugu bigize EU bigomba kugabanya ikoreshwa ryabyo binyuze mu ngamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu gihugu, intego yihariye yo kongera gukoresha amacupa ya pulasitiki, ibisabwa mu gushushanya amacupa ya pulasitiki, n’ibirango by’ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki kugira ngo bimenyeshe abaguzi. Byongeye kandi, iri tegeko ryongera inshingano z’umucuruzi, bivuze ko abakora bagomba kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gusukura imyanda, gukusanya amakuru, no gukangurira abandi ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe. Ibihugu bigize EU bigomba gushyira mu bikorwa izi ngamba bitarenze ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2021, usibye ibisabwa mu gushushanya ibicuruzwa ku macupa, bizakurikizwa guhera ku ya 3 Nyakanga 2024. (Ingingo ya 17.)
Iri tegeko rishyira mu bikorwa ingamba za EU zo gushyira mu bikorwa ubukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga kandi rigamije "guteza imbere impinduka mu bukungu bushingiye ku ruziga." (Ingingo ya 1.)
Ibikubiye mu Mabwiriza yerekeye Plastiki Ikoreshwa Rimwe
Kubuza Isoko
Iryo tegeko ribuza ko ibikoresho bikurikira bya plastiki bikoreshwa rimwe biboneka ku isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi:
❋ uduti tw'ipamba
❋ ibikoresho byo guteka (amakanya, ibyuma, ibiyiko, uduti two guteka)
❋ amasahani
❋ uduti
❋ utumashini two gukaraba ibinyobwa
❋ inkoni zo guterwaho no gushyigikira amabaluni
❋ Ibikoresho by'ibiribwa bikozwe muri polystyrene yagutse
❋ Ibikoresho by'ibinyobwa bikozwe muri polystyrene yagutse, harimo n'imipfundikizo n'udupfundikizo twabyo
❋ ibikombe byo kunywa bikozwe muri polystyrene yagutse, harimo n'ibipfundikizo byabyo n'umupfundikizo wabyo
❋ ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri pulasitiki ishobora kwangirika na oxo. (Ingingo ya 5 hamwe n'umugereka, igice cya B.)
Ingamba zo ku rwego rw'igihugu zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa
Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bigomba gufata ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki zimwe na zimwe zikoreshwa rimwe gusa nta yandi mahitamo ashoboka. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi birasabwa gutanga ibisobanuro by’ingamba kuri Komisiyo y’Uburayi no kuzishyira ahagaragara ku mugaragaro. Ingamba nk’izo zishobora kuba zirimo gushyiraho intego z’igihugu zo kugabanya, gutanga ubundi buryo bwo kongera gukoreshwa aho bigurishirizwa abaguzi, cyangwa kwishyuza amafaranga ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa rimwe gusa. Ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bigomba kugera ku “kugabanya cyane kandi ku buryo buhoraho” ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki zikoreshwa rimwe gusa “bigatuma ikoreshwa ry’izi pulasitiki rigabanuka cyane” bitarenze umwaka wa 2026. Intambwe ikoreshwa n’igabanuka ry’ikoreshwa igomba gukurikiranwa no kumenyeshwa Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi. (Ingingo ya 4.)
Intego zo gukusanya amacupa ya pulasitiki zitandukanye n'ibisabwa mu gishushanyo mbonera cyayo
Mu 2025, 77% by'amacupa ya pulasitiki ashyizwe ku isoko agomba kuba yasubiwemo. Mu 2029, ingano ingana na 90% igomba kuba yasubiwemo. Byongeye kandi, ibisabwa mu gushushanya amacupa ya pulasitiki bizashyirwa mu bikorwa: mu 2025, amacupa ya PET agomba kuba arimo nibura 25% bya pulasitiki yasubiwemo mu gukora. Uyu mubare uzazamuka ukagera kuri 30% mu 2030 ku macupa yose. (Ingingo ya 6, igika cya 5; ingingo ya 9.)
Gushyira ibirango
Amasume y'isuku (udupfundikizo), tamponi n'udukoresho two gushyiramo tamponi, udupira two kwihanagura, ibikomoka ku itabi bifite filters, n'ibikombe byo kunyweramo bigomba kuba bifite icyapa "kigaragara, gisobanutse neza kandi kidasibangana" ku gipfunyika cyangwa ku gicuruzwa ubwacyo. Icyapa kigomba kumenyesha abaguzi uburyo bukwiye bwo gucunga imyanda ku gicuruzwa cyangwa uburyo bwo kujugunya imyanda bagomba kwirinda, ndetse no kuba hari plastiki mu gicuruzwa n'ingaruka mbi zo kumena imyanda. (Ingingo ya 7, igika cya 1 hamwe n'umugereka, igice cya D.)
Inshingano z'umukozi w'inyongera
Abakora bagomba kwishyura ikiguzi cy’ingamba zo gukangurira abantu, gukusanya imyanda, gusukura imyanda, no gukusanya amakuru no gutanga raporo ku bicuruzwa bikurikira:
❋ ibikoresho byo gutekamo ibiryo
❋ udupaki n'udupfunyika byakozwe mu bikoresho byoroshye
❋ Ibikoresho by'ibinyobwa bifite ubushobozi bwo kugeza kuri litiro 3
❋ ibikombe byo kunywa, harimo n'ibipfundikizo byabyo n'umupfundikizo wabyo
❋ imifuka yoroheje ya pulasitiki
❋ ibikomoka ku itabi bifite filters
❋ isuku y'amazi
❋ Amabaluni (Ingingo ya 8, ibika 2, 3 hamwe n'umugereka, igice cya E.)
Ariko, nta kiguzi cyo gukusanya imyanda kigomba kwishyurwa ku bijyanye n'udupira tw'amazi n'udupira tw'amabara.
Kongera ubumenyi
Iri tegeko risaba ko ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi bishishikariza abaguzi imyitwarire myiza no kumenyesha abaguzi ubundi buryo bushobora kongera gukoreshwa, ndetse n’ingaruka zo kumena imyanda n’indi myanda idakwiye ku bidukikije no ku muyoboro w’amazi mabi. (Ingingo ya 10.)
Aderesi y'isoko:https://www.loc.gov/item/global-legal-monitor/2021-07-18/european-union-ban-on-single-use-plastics-takes-effect/
Igihe cyo kohereza: 21 Nzeri 2021
